A dedicated music teacher and composer, he was appointed by then-President Emilio Aguinaldo as Director of the National Band of the First Philippine Republic.
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Villanueva served as the Visayan delegate to the Malolos Congress, where he conferred with Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini to assure that the Visayas would be included in nascent First Philippine Republic.
The First Philippine Republic government under Emilio Aguinaldo has had four different temporary capitals throughout the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonization and subsequent American occupation: Malolos, Bacolor, Cabanatuan, and Palanan.