Spectroscopy | X-ray fluorescence | Raman spectroscopy | Infrared spectroscopy | Fluorescence | fluorescence | spectroscopy | Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | Near-infrared spectroscopy | Mössbauer spectroscopy | Absorption spectroscopy | x-ray fluorescence | Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy | Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy | ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy | Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy | Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy | Saturated absorption spectroscopy | Positron annihilation spectroscopy | Photoemission spectroscopy | photoemission spectroscopy | nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | Fourier transform spectroscopy | Fluorescence interference contrast microscopy | Bimolecular fluorescence complementation | Atomic Spectroscopy | Atomic spectroscopy |
The structure and activity of the hairpin ribozyme has been explored using a wide range of complementary experimental methods, including nucleotide replacement, functional group substitution, combinatorial selection, fluorescence spectroscopy, covalent crosslinking, NMR analysis and x-ray crystallography.
As an approximation, the conjugated backbone can be considered as a real-world example of the "electron-in-a-box" solution to the Schrödinger equation; however, the development of refined models to accurately predict absorption and fluorescence spectra of well-defined oligo(thiophene) systems is ongoing.