The name of the original fort honored Louis, duc de Chartres, son of the Regent of France.
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On January 1, 1718, the French government granted a trade monopoly to John Law and his Company of the West.
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The British had difficulty getting a regiment to their newly acquired fort, but on October 10, 1765, a small detachment of the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment commanded by Captain Thomas Stirling took control of the fort and surrounding area.
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Captain Thomas Stirling departed Fort Pitt going down the Ohio River to Fort de Chartres to take possession of the Illinois for the Crown, in October, 1765.