In Footfall by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle, a lithely built woman doubts her sexuality with misgivings as to whether she is a freemartin, although she is not a cow.
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In the fantasy book series Bazil Broketail by Christopher Rowley, "freemartin" is the name for a breed of sterile female dragons.
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The Robert A. Heinlein novel Beyond This Horizon lists "the clever and repulsively beautiful pseudo-feminine freemartins" as one of the genetically-engineered specialist types of humans that were created in the "Empire of the Great Khans" (chapter 2).