In spatial analysis the topological spatial relations are derived from the DE-9IM model, as spatial predicates about relations between points, lines, and/or areas: Equals, Contains, Covers, CoveredBy, Crosses, Disjoint, Intersects, Overlaps, Touches and Within.
Open Geospatial Consortium | Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) | Army Geospatial Center | Weak topology | Trivial topology | RMIT School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences | Pointless topology | Initial topology | Grothendieck topology | differential topology | Boundary (topology) |