The son of an apothecary, he was born in Hatton Garden, London, educated at a Moravian school in Germany, and at King's College London, and after practicing medicine and keeping schools at various places, went in 1850 to London, and adopted literature as his profession.
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He was the author of various biographies, including Lives of Bernard Palissy, Cornelius Agrippa, Girolamo Cardano and Clement Marot.
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His biography was written by Henry Shaen Solly, the son of prominent reformer Henry Solly.
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From 1865–89 he was Professor of English Literature at University College London, where among his pupils was Rabindranath Tagore.
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Bridgeport plays a small role in the novel The Dharma Bums (1958) by Jack Kerouac; it is the place from where the main characters Ray Smith, Japhy Ryder and Henry Morley start their climb to the nearby Matterhorn Peak.
Morley Fraser, Henry Morley Fraser (1922 – 2004), American football and baseball coach
One episode in the book features Smith, Ryder and Henry Morley (based on real-life friend John Montgomery) climbing Matterhorn Peak in California.