From 1998, he served as a professor at the Collège interarmées de défense; again as military counsellor to Carl Bildt; was auditor at the IHEDN and the CHEM; was second of the Centre opérationnel interarmées (Joint operation centre); and chief of the Centre de planification et de conduite des opérations.
As a commander, he graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth and then from the Institute of Higher National Defence Studies (IHEDN) in Paris.