Indeterminism has been promoted by the French biologist Jacques Monod's essay "Chance and Necessity".
For example, John Martin Fischer's Semi-compatibilism assumes with Frankfurt that we can have moral responsibility, even if determinism (and/or indeterminism) is incompatible with free will.
Some physicists challenge the likelihood of determinism on the grounds that certain interpretations of quantum mechanics stipulate that the universe is fundamentally indeterministic, such as the Copenhagen interpretation; whereas other interpretations are deterministic, for example, the De Broglie-Bohm Theory and the many-worlds interpretation.
Whilst discussing these the book gives an overview of quantum theory and indeterminism, which Polkinghorn believes represent a challenge to metaphysical naturalism.