The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Himalaya, and Patkai ranges bound the bioregion on the northwest, north, and northeast; these ranges were formed by the collision of the northward-drifting Indian subcontinent with Asia beginning 45 million years ago.
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Large mammals characteristic of Indomalaya include the leopard, tigers, water buffalos, Asian Elephant, Indian Rhinoceros, Javan Rhinoceros, Malayan Tapir, orangutans, and gibbons.
Magnolia montana, a plant species native to the Western Malesia region of the Indomalaya ecozone
Borassus flabellifer, native to South and Southeast Asia, in the Indomalaya ecozone.