In the 1800s, during the height of the popular Water Cure or Hydropathy (now called hydrotherapy) movement, Kaltenleutgeben was the location of a well-known hydropathic establishment, operated by Wilhelm Winternitz.
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Mark Twain lived in Kaltenleutgeben for a half year in 1898.
In the same year (1865?) he opened a private hospital at Kaltenleutgeben, near Vienna.