In the mid 1990s, the most reliable sightings have been reported from the upper Kapuas River in West Kalimantan, and from the Gunung Palung National Park.
It is known from only two localities, both in the Kapuas River basin.
Hyalobagrus leiacanthus is a species of bagrid catfish endemic to Indonesia where it is known only from the Kapuas River and the Barito River basins in central Borneo.
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