On 13 October 2004 he became Archbishop of Belém do Pará, and in 2007 was a delegate to the Fifth General Conference of the Bishops of Latin American and the Caribbean.
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The principle was articulated by the Catholic Bishops of Latin America (CELAM) at the influential conferences in Medellin and Puebla, as well as by several popes, particularly Pope John Paul II.
More recently, the usage of the tucum ring was revived by Christians linked to liberation theology, in order to symbolize the alliance of their churches with the poor and oppressed people of Latin America, especially by Catholics after the Second Vatican Council and the Episcopal Conferences of Medellín and Puebla.