He had previously represented Newington West in the House of Commons and served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from 1905 to 1910 and as Assistant Postmaster General between 1910 and 1916.
He was a Junior Lord of the Treasury in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government and Lord Palmerston's first government.
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In 1852 he was elected MP for Portsmouth, and from 1855 to 1858 he served as Lord of the Treasury under Lord Palmerston.
He was admitted Lord Justice General on 1 June 1675, appointed a Lord of the Treasury on 27 September 1678, nominated an Extraordinary Lord of Session on 17 July 1680, and on 2 November of the same year appointed Secretary of State in succession to the Duke of Lauderdale.
John Poulett, 1st Earl Poulett, KG (1663-1743), his grandson, British First Lord of the Treasury
Micklethwaite's elder brother was Thomas Micklethwaite of Swine, Yorkshire, who represented Arundel in Parliament, was later a Lord of the Treasury, and subsequently was named Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance.
The Second Lord of the Treasury is a member of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer in the United Kingdom.
From a line of politically motivated ancestry who moved to Ireland in the 1600s, Sir John rose to the highest positions in Irish politics and Parliament as Commissioner of Revenue (1780), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1787) and Lord of the Treasury (1793).
He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1874 and 1880 and as Foreign Secretary between 1885 and 1886, and was one of only two people to hold the office of First Lord of the Treasury without being Prime Minister.