Mentioned in Doomsday as a manor belonging to Alfred of Marlborough Baron of Ewyas and a Tenant-in-Chief to King William I. Near Royal Wootton Bassett, the parish of Lydiard Tregoze was part of the Kingsbridge Hundred, while its village originally centred on the medieval parish church of St Mary and the nearby manor house, Lydiard House, which was the home of the St John family, Viscounts Bolingbroke.
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In 1943, the local authority, the Corporation of Swindon, bought the house and its park from Henry, 6th Viscount Bolingbroke, in a dilapidated state.