He topped the University of Madras in his post graduation in 1953 and later went on to complete his Ph.D. from the University of Kerala in 1973.
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He held academic positions in MG University, Kottayam and Mangalore University in India and also served abroad in various foreign universities, notable among them being the Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow University, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London and Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
Renowned historians such as R. Nagaswamy, K. N. Panikkar and M. G. S. Narayanan disagreed with the identification of Pattanam with Muziris before further analysis.