The most frequently used techniques are: liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for 'small' molecules and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for macromolecules
Thus, it has been known for many years that, due to repulsive Coulombic interactions, electrically charged macromolecules in an aqueous environment can exhibit long-range crystal-like correlations with interparticle separation distances often being considerably greater than the individual particle diameter.
He served on the Editorial Advisory Boards of two research journals, Macromolecules and the Journal of Polymer Science.
The predominant use of LD currently is in the study of bio-macromolecules (e.g. DNA) as well as synthetic polymers.
Most commonly magnetic tweezers are used to study mechanical properties of biological macromolecules like DNA or proteins in single-molecule experiments.
It is widely used in biochemistry for the precipitation of macromolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and RNA.