X-Nico

Consumers Cooperative Services

It was founded in 1920 by a group of socially minded women, among them Mary E. Arnold, Mabel Reed, Dorothy Kenyon, Mary LaDame and Ruth True.

Mary Ellicott Arnold

In Reserve Mines, Nova Scotia, Arnold and Reed helped the mining community establish cooperative housing.

•

When Arnold and Reed accepted positions as so-called field matrons on the Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation in the Klamath River Valley of Northern California, they were charged to exert a “civilizing influence” upon the fewer than eight hundred members of the Karok nation, a vagueness they were to exploit to their own benefit and that of the Karok.

see also