The appeal from that decision, argued by Mathew Staver of Liberty Counsel, urged reformulation or abandonment of the "Lemon test" set forth in Lemon v. Kurtzman, which has been applied to religious displays on government property and to other Establishment Clause issues.
American | American Civil War | Soviet Union | American Broadcasting Company | American football | European Union | Union Army | African American | American Idol | American Revolutionary War | rugby union | American Revolution | Spanish Civil War | Union | American Association for the Advancement of Science | County Durham | American Red Cross | English Civil War | Orange County | American Library Association | American Museum of Natural History | County Cork | American Express | American Academy of Arts and Sciences | St. Louis County, Minnesota | American League | American Association | American Heart Association | County Galway | American comic book |
The Supreme Court of the United States decided the case, which began in 1999, and found that, contra the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, "the Child Online Protection Act COPA's reliance on community standards to identify 'material that is harmful to minors' does not by itself render the statute substantially overbroad for purposes of the First Amendment" (majority opinion).
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COPA was Congress's second attempt to criminalize the Internet distribution of what it considered pornography, including simulated pornography and artwork.
Since 1981, the Holy Name Society of Pittsburgh had placed a crèche on the grand staircase of the Allegheny County Courthouse.
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The Pittsburgh City-County Building (serving as City Hall) is separate from the courthouse, and is jointly owned by the city and county.