Medina Azahara, the ruins of an Arab Muslim medieval palace in Córdoba, Spain
Above all, it demonstrated his superiority over his great rivals, the Fatimids of Ifriqiya in Northern Africa.
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Abd ar-Rahman III ordered the construction of this city at a time when he had just finished consolidating his political power in the Iberian Peninsula and was entering into conflict with the Fatimid dynasty for the control of North Africa.
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A female scholar in her own right, her title az-Zahra (the brilliant) was given to the oldest functioning university in the world, the al-Az'har/al-Azhar University in Cairo in 968, built by the Fatimids.
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As such, the Fatimid dynasty of North Africa adorned many buildings and even towns with her name.
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