Giuseppe Sergi's much-debated book The Mediterranean Race (1901) argued that the Mediterranean race had in fact originated in Africa, probably in the Sahara region, and that it also included a number of dark-skinned peoples from the African continent (North Africa and the Horn of Africa), such as Ethiopians and Somalis.
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The four great branches of the Mediterranean stock were the Libyans or Berbers, the Ligurians, the Pelasgians and the Iberians.
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This primal "Eurafrican race" split into three main groups, the Hamites, the Mediterranean race and the north European Nordic race.
Alexander Winchell, a Professor of Paleontology and history author discussed the racial identity of the "dark race" of K.3364 in his work Pre-adamites (1880) from which he maintained the "dark race" were sunburnt Hamites of the Mediterranean race.
Giuseppe Sergi in his work The Mediterranean Race (1901) however rejected this view (p. 192) but it was generally agreed that the crania at Grenelle and Furfooz were ancestral to the broad-headed Alpine race.