The earliest mention of "rock oil" (石油), the Chinese name for petroleum, is by a book "Grand Peace Records" from the Northern Song Dynasty, and officially designated the current name by Song Dynasty scientist Shen Kuo using the description found in his famous book Dream Pool Essays.
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However, by the Ming and Qing dynasties, the newly mature technology of gunpowder had for the most part replaced the use of these short-range flamethrowers, which saw little mention in the historical records of the last dynasties of imperial China.
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During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chinese historian Ban Gu recorded in the geography section of his Book of Han that a flammable liquid substance are found in the Gao Nu County, located in the northeast portion of present day Shaanxi Province.
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