Sometimes, traps of this sort may be laid especially to collect blackmail material—Vassall was almost certainly set up, as was Clayton Lonetree, who was blackmailed after an affair with a Soviet agent.
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Threats can also be made against family or friends of the target—Svetlana Tumanova was told by the KGB that her family in the Soviet Union would be harmed if she did not co-operate, and Ronald Humphrey said that he had helped North Vietnam in order to obtain the release of his Vietnamese wife.