Caliph Muawiyah I, founder of the Umayyad Dynasty, dies after 19-year reign in which he has restored unity to the Arabian Empire despite opposition from Shiites and renewed military offensives against nonbelievers.
His navy challenged the Byzantine navy and raided the Byzantine islands and coasts at will.
According to an academic research done by Khalid Kabir Alal in University of Algeria, the most authentic version is that both Abu Musa and 'Amr ibn al-'As, the arbitrator appointed by Muawiyah I, decided that Muawiyah will be deposed, and the fate of the murderers of Uthman will be decided by the remaining of The Ten Promised Paradise.