Another brother clade, Haplogroup O-P31, has an impressive extent of dispersal, as it is found among the males of populations as widely separated as the Kolarians of India and the Japanese of Japan; however, Haplogroup O-P31's distribution is much more patchy, and the Haplogroup O-P31 Y-chromosomes found among the Mundas and the Japanese belong to distinct subclades.
Jesuit Father John-Baptist Hoffmann (1857–1928) spent his life studying the language, customs, religion and life of the Mundas.
Goethals actively encouraged evangelization and education in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Central India and was an effective help to Constant Lievens's work among the Mundas, Oraons and Kharias in the future state of Jharkhand.