National Nanotechnology Initiative, a U.S. government cross-agency coordinating program
Basically, NNI is used for interconnection of P Routers (class 4 or higher provider core) in signaling or GMPLS networks.
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In GMPLS case, that could be Back-to-Back or EBGP or mixed NNI connection scenarios, depending on what type of VRF exchange is used for interconnection.