In 1911 blacks were barred from participating in the Kentucky Derby because African Americans won more than half of the first twenty-eight races.
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Alan Lomax interview with Memphis Slim, Big Bill Broonzy and Sonny Boy Williamson on the album, Blues in the Mississippi Night, Rykodisc, 1990.
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While there were critics in the scientific community such as Franz Boas, eugenics and scientific racism were promoted in academia by scientists Lothrop Stoddard and Madison Grant, who argued "scientific evidence" for the racial superiority of whites and thereby worked to justify racial segregation and second-class citizenship for blacks.
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