Following his wedding, Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, rosh yeshiva of Ner Israel, encouraged Rabbi Carlebach to accept the rabbinate at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
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His maternal grandfather was Rabbi Yosef Cohen, the av beit din of Eschwege, Germany.
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In the year preceding World War II, he narrowly escaped the horrors of the Holocaust through the aid of Rabbi Naftoli Neuberger, the principal of Yeshivas Ner Yisroel in Baltimore, who sent him an entry visa.