Baherove Air Base was 71st ground Air Force that was established in the Crimean village of Baherove in accordance with the Resolution of the "Council of Ministers of USSR" on August 21, 1947 with the aim of aviation security for air nuclear testing and refinement of technical means of delivering nuclear warheads, which are mainly at the time could only be used by aviation.
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In the late 1950s, Commoner became well known for his opposition to nuclear weapons testing, becoming part of the team which conducted the Baby Tooth Survey, demonstrating the presence of Strontium 90 in children's teeth as a direct result of nuclear fallout.
Sukhoy Nos cape, located at the southern end of the island, was used for nuclear weapons testing between 1958–1961.