Acmetal, alternately Akmetal or "AC metal", meaning "peak capital" or "best capital" is a universal currency that was proposed by Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Originally conceived as purely domestic airline, BAE Systems agreed in mid-2001 to participate in the proposed start-up at the request of Kazakhstan's head of state, President Nursultan Nazarbayev, in order to facilitate an air radar contract it was then negotiating with the Government of Kazakhstan.
The top level features a gilded hand print of the right hand of Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first President of the independent Republic of Kazakhstan, mounted in an ornate pedestal.
Haileybury Astana was opened on 31 August 2011 by Kazakhstan's first President, Nursultan Nazarbayev.
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The school's notable guests have included President Nursultan Nazarbayev, B.T. Zhumagulov (Kazakhstan's Minister of Education), tennis star Martina Hingis, Olympic medalist Serik Sapiyev, and Murat the Clown, former child star and holder of the record of youngest professional clown in the world.
According to the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Astana was chosen as the capital in part due to the presence of the river.
In November 2005, in response to a report that press freedoms in Kazakhstan were being violated by President Nursultan Nazarbayev, Finley made a statement that, according to reporter C.J. Chivers of the New York Times, seemed to dismiss the significance of the crackdown on the press.
It was opened on 23 May 2009 and attended by Mariah Carey, Sharon Stone, Richard Gere, Monica Bellucci, Paris Hilton, Seal, Tom Jones and the Kazakhstani President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed an agreement providing for Central Asian gas to be exported to Europe through the reconstructed and expanded western branch of the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system.
Published weekly, it focused on covering business and economic issues in Kazakhstan, and frequently published stories critical of the regime, including financial mismanagement and supposed cronyism, such as the granting of oil rights to one of President Nazarbayev's relatives, and the disappearance of funds for an airport in Almaty.
As an indication of his popularity, the Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev ordered the L. N. Gumilev Eurasian University (Евразийский Национальный университет имени Л. Н. Гумилёва) to be erected just opposite his own palace on the central square of the new Kazakh capital, Astana.
Reporters Without Borders reported that, during the previous week, the editor had been the subject of specific threats following an interview she had conducted with Geneva general prosecutor, Bernard Bertossa (on 10 May 2002) concerning the Swiss bank accounts of several top Kazakh officials, including President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
With consent from the authorities in Azerbaijan and Armenia, Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev led a mediating mission on September 20–23 visiting Baku, Ganja, Stepanakert (Khankendi) and Yerevan.