In 1889-1893, military engineer Nestor Buinitsky took an important part in the creation of the fortress.
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The defenders were somewhat aided by fortifications from previous eras, including a major Imperial Russian-era fortress complex at Osowiec on the Biebrza River that was a scene of a siege in 1915 (February to August) during the First World War, and which was partly demolished by Wehrmacht troops in 1939 before its surrender to the Red Army.