Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu | Parti Socialiste (Belgium) | Parti Socialiste | Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia | Parti Rakyat Sarawak | Parti de l'Ordre | Théâtre du Peuple | Peuple en marche | Parti rouge | Parti Rakyat Malaysia | Parti national populaire | Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak | Le Travail-Le Droit du Peuple | ''Le Travail'' and ''Le Droit du Peuple'' | ''La liberté guidant le peuple'' by Eugène Delacroix |
He joined the nationalist Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) in 1942, and later, after moving to Paris, France for university studies, its successor organization, the MTLD, where he became a member of the central committee.
A law student, he was active for the nationalist cause from the late 1930s in the Parti du peuple algérien (PPA), and was jailed several times by the colonial authorities of France.