Beginning in the 1970s, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae began researching the development of personality assessments based on factor models.
Additionally, the test measures six subordinate dimensions (known as 'facets') of each of the "FFM" personality factors, developed together with Robert McCrae.
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Alongside this inventory, he and McCrae have argued that personality is stable, especially after age 30, that it is universal (present in the same structure across ethnicities, cultures and times), that the core structure consists of five major domains, and that these in turn reflect a facet-based structure.
The test was developed by Paul T. Costa, Jr. and Robert R. McCrae for use with adult (17+) men and women without overt psychopathology.
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In the 1970s, Costa and McCrae were researching how personality changed with age.
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