Vogt received his undergraduate education in biology at the University of Würzburg and in 1959 was awarded his Ph.D. at the University of Tübingen for work done at the Max Planck Institute for Virology in Tübingen.
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He is the son of Eric E. and Susan (née Smith) Vogt and the grandson of Evon Z. Vogt.
After he had been awarded his bachelor of science degree (in 1941), Vogt began his career in 1942, when he joined United States Public Health Service, appointed to World War II studies.
An older son, Peter K. Simpson, is a retired historian and administrator at the University of Wyoming who served in the state House from 1981 to 1984 from Sheridan County, where he was then residing while serving as an administrator at Sheridan College.
The peak was named by US-ACAN in 2006 after Peter K. Schoening (1936-2004), member of the 1966–67 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Vinson, the summit of Antarctica, and other high mountains in the Sentinel Range.
He is credited, along with R. Paul Butler, for discovering Gliese 581 g, the first potentially habitable planet outside of our own solar system.