In 1972, fragmentary fossils of anatomically modern humans were found at Chouqu and Gangzilin, in Zuozhen District, Tainan, in fossil beds exposed by erosion of the Cailiao River.
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Distinct Iron Age cultures have been identified in different parts of the island: the Shihsanhang Culture in the north, the Fanzaiyuan Culture in the northwest, the Daqiuyuan Culture in the hills of southwest Nantou County, the Kanding Culture in the central west, the Niaosung Culture in the southwest, the Guishan Culture at the southern tip of the island, and the Jingpu Culture on the east coast.
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