Kitzinger, Ernst, Byzantine art in the making: main lines of stylistic development in Mediterranean art, 3rd-7th century, 1977, Faber & Faber, ISBN 0571111548 (US: Cambridge UP, 1977),
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This, the usual conclusion, was disputed by Ernst Kitzinger, who argued that they were to aid the artist who was copying images from the different format of a scroll.
Quedlinburg | Amplified fragment length polymorphism | Rock fragment | Muratorian fragment | Itala | Late Fragment | Annals of Quedlinburg | A fragment of painting ''Boyarynya Morozova'' by Vasily Surikov |