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Founded on a treaty of 1113 between the Republic of Pisa and Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, the expedition had the support of Pope Paschal II and the participation of many lords of Catalonia and Occitania, as well as contingents from northern and central Italy, Sardinia, and Corsica.
From this point on, the great families, like the Athen, fade into view to be replaced by the Repubbliche Marinare of northern Italy (Genoa and Pisa) in the power politics of Logudoro.
The first kingdom to fall was that of Cagliari, conquered by the Republic of Pisa in alliance with the other three Giudicati; the most lasting of them, the Giudicato of Arborea, was the last to sell its rights to the Crown of Aragon, that defeated also the maritime republics and unified the island into the Kingdom of Sardinia.