The Norsemen may have remained in control of Grobin until the mid-9th century, when — as Rimbert's Vita Ansgari relates — people inhabiting the Courland regions of Latvia rebelled after a long period as tributaries of Swedish rulers.
Rimbert |
No texts survive from this area, though the written text Vita Ansgari ("The life of Ansgar") by Rimbert (c. 865) describes the missionary work of Ansgar around 830 at Birka, and Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church) by Adam of Bremen in 1075 describes the archbishop Unni, who died at Birka in 936.
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monk and later archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen Rimbert gives the first known description of Birka.