Three species reach Australia, but only the Common Kingfisher is found across most of Europe and temperate Asia.
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The male Blue-banded Kingfisher has white underparts with a blue breast band, whereas the female has orange underparts.
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However, molecular analysis suggests that the Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher is most closely related to the Malachite Kingfisher, and that the present arrangement into Alcedo and Ceyx may need to be reviewed as it seems not to reflect the actual relationships (for example, the Azure Kingfisher is closer to Ceyx erithacus).
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The sexes may be identical, as with Bismarck Kingfisher, but most species show some sexual dimorphism, ranging from a different bill colour as with Common Kingfisher to a completely different appearance.
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The African Dwarf Kingfisher is sometimes placed in the monospecific genus Myioceyx, and sometimes with the Pygmy Kingfishers in Ispidina.
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