US diplomat Robert Daniel Murphy claims Eisenhower found the surrender ceremony distasteful and had decided not to participate, delegating the signing to his Chief of Staff General Walter Bedell Smith and that EAC-approved surrender documents were not signed on 7 May because an exhausted General Smith had thought that EAC had never approved a surrender agreement.
Prior to the November 8 invasion, Murphy, along with US General Mark Wayne Clark, had worked to gain the important blessing of the anti-British French General Henri Giraud for the attack.
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