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Chabrat was born in La Chambre, Savoie, to Pierre and Louise (née Lavialle) Chabrat; he was a relative of Peter Joseph Lavialle, Bishop of Louisville (1865–67).
On Friday, December 13, 2013, Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville (Louisville, Kentucky), and President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), named Bishop Barres to succeed Francis Cardinal George, O.M.I., who had served since 2011, as the Episcopal Liaison to the Pontifical Mission Societies in the United States.