Lothar was the youngest son of Count Leopold Wilhelm von Königsegg-Rothenfels and Maria Polyxena, Countess Scherffenberg.
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In 1744 he took arms one more time and became supreme commander of the troops in the Austrian Netherlands.
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He distinguished himself in the Battle of Turin (1706) and received command of the fortification of Mantua.
It was partitioned between itself, Königsegg-Aulendorf and Königsegg-Rothenfels in 1622, and was inherited by Königsegg-Aulendorf in 1663 with the extinction of the line.
During the following eight years he was engaged in parochial work, being curate first at Rothenfels in the Murgthal, and from June, 1835, at Neusatz, in the district of Bühl.