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It is named after Lady Godiva, the Saxon woman who, legend has it, rode naked through the city of Coventry.
He had been writing for the association's newspaper Der Sozial-Demokrat ("the Social Democrat") but now, in disagreement with the paper's Prussia-friendly position, he left, first forming the Saxon People's Party along with August Bebel, and then in 1869 becoming a co-founder of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, SDAP) in Eisenach as a branch of the International Workingmen's Association.
It told of the Celtic King Arthur opposing the invading Saxons and taking London, which was a transparent encoding of William III opposing the "Saxon" James II and taking London.