The species was named after the American physician Simon Flexner, in addition to the Japanese physician Kiyoshi Shiga, who researched the cause of dysentery.
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S. flexneri infections can usually be treated with antibiotics although some strains have become resistant.
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It dampens the inflammatory response during bacterial invasion by suppressing the TNF-α-Receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-mediated signalling pathway.