In the Shimabara Rebellion, former Arima vassals, many Christian, made one of the most significant threats to Tokugawa rule.
Shimabara Rebellion (also known as the Battle or Siege of Shimabara), a 1637 uprising of residents of the Nagasaki area against the Shogun's anti-Christian policies
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After the Shimabara siege, he landed on the island of Oshima, Japan and were later arrested at Chikuzen Province in May,1643.
The fortress was destroyed following the deaths of 37,000 rebels and their leader, Amakusa Shirō, at the hands of Tokugawa Shogunate forces in the final battle of the Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638).