The dominant species are many species of pine including Nelson Pinyon (Pinus nelsonii), Mexican Pinyon (P. cembroides), Smooth-bark Mexican Pine (P. pseudostrobus), and Arizona Pine (P. arizonica), and the oaks Quercus castanea and Q. affinis.
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It prefers pine-oak forests, semi-arid scrub and thickets along watercourses.
It is restricted to steep slopes in pine-oak dominated cloud forests between Gómez Farías and Tula in southern Tamaulipas.
To the east, the xeric Tehuacan Valley matorral occupies the Tehuacan valley to the northwest, the Jalisco dry forests occupy the upper basin of the Santo Domingo River, which lies in the rain shadow of the Sierra, and the Southern Pacific dry forests lie to the south along the Pacific coast, extending into the upper basin of the Tehuantepec River and the Valley of Oaxaca.