Sphinctomyrmex stali is known from sparse localities along the southeastern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, from Santa Catarina to southern Bahia.
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In a single leaf-litter sample collected in São Bonifácio, Santa Catarina, six workers and two ergatoid gynes very similar to the workers, were captured, which suggests that S. stali is polygynous, as already described for other Sphinctomyrmex species.