Liggett publicly announced that smoking is addictive and causes cancer and other health ailments, turned over long-secret tobacco industry documents, disclosed its ingredients, and testified against the industry.
It is an agonist of the opioid receptors, with evidence suggesting it serves as the endogenous ligand of the μ-opioid receptor, the same receptor to which the chemicals extracted from opium, such as morphine, have their analgesic and addictive effects (indeed, the μ-opioid receptor was named based on its most renowned ligand, morphine).
Alpha-theta brainwave training has also been used successfully for the treatment of addictions.
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which genetic and environmental influences on eating pathology, ADHD, depressive symptoms, anxiety, personality characteristics, and substance use differ between men and women in young adulthood.
Major depressive disorder | Substance dependence | bipolar disorder | Chemical substance | Substance intoxication | Substance abuse | obsessive-compulsive disorder | Disorder in the Court | Borderline personality disorder | Bipolar disorder | Substance use disorder | substance abuse | Dissociative identity disorder | Congenital disorder | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Vision of Disorder | Social anxiety disorder | Posttraumatic stress disorder | Narcissistic personality disorder | antisocial personality disorder | Powder (substance) | pervasive developmental disorder | Obsessive–compulsive disorder | major depressive disorder | Esophageal motility disorder | eating disorder | dissociative identity disorder | conversion disorder | chemical substance | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |