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In the southeast Basin, it is in the Tapajos River and Xingu River drainages; also two thirds of the adjacent river system, the lower Araguaia–Tocantins River drainage.
Among these expeditions, the one headed by captain Pedro Teixeira reached for the first time (in 1626) the Tapajós River.
In the central Amazon Basin its southeastwards limit is the lower two thirds of the Tapajós River drainage; westwards the Quetzal ranges to the foothills of the Andes, from very northern Bolivia, eastern Peru and Ecuador, and southeastern Colombia.
Their traditional territory spanned 50,000 km² of Juruena River basin, stretching from the Papagaio River in the south to the Augusto Falls on the upper Tapajós River in the north.
The White-eared Puffbird's range encompasses nearly all of northern Bolivia, the Madeira River's many headwater tributary rivers; also the extreme headwaters of the Tapajós River.
To the west, it encompasses the lower reaches of the tributary, the Tapajós River.
The range does not extend beyond the Orinoco River basin of Venezuela in the northwest, and in the east-northeast encompasses the Guianas; in the southeast Amazon Basin the range does not extend east of the Tapajós River drainage.
Other localized, small populations occur notably on four tributary rivers: the central Tapajós River, lower Madeira River, lower Rio Negro, and lower Ucayali River; also on the Amazon River, one region downstream of the Tapajós-Amazon River confluence.
The third easterly extension goes in the central Basin and ends at only the middle reaches of the northerly flowing Tapajós River, a stretch of 800 km of the 3000 km long river.
Because of the crystalline waters of the Tapajós River, Santarém has more than 100 km (62 mi) of natural beaches, like the village of Alter do Chão, known as the "Caribbean in Brazil" and chosen by The Guardian as one of the most beautiful Brazilian beaches and the most beautiful fresh water beach.
The bird's largest ranges are two areas: to the southwest in Amazonian eastern Peru, and to the south-central Amazon Basin to a combined headwater region of the Guaporé River and the Tapajós River.