The Solicitor General's argument, and the court's opinion, were based primarily on Kneedler v. Lane, which was actually multiple opinions of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania during the American Civil War that upheld the Enrollment Act, and Vattel's The Law of Nations (1758).
United Nations | Law & Order | Commonwealth of Nations | Coulomb's law | League of Nations | Harvard Law School | Statute Law Revision Act 1948 | Law & Order: Special Victims Unit | law | Yale Law School | Law | United Nations Industrial Development Organization | Statute Law Revision Act 1888 | United Nations Conference on Trade and Development | New York University School of Law | law clerk | Jude Law | United Nations General Assembly | University of Michigan Law School | Columbia Law School | L.A. Law | Roman law | United Nations University | Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region | Law & Order: Criminal Intent | international law | Frederick Law Olmsted | United Nations Security Council | Six Nations Championship | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |
Justice Samuel Chase took a separate approach to the same conclusion, noting that in a perfect war "...operations are restricted and regulated by the jus belli, forming a part of the law of nations," but in an imperfect war "its extent and operation depend on our municipal laws." With Congress authorizing hostilities, this was an imperfect war against France, making them the enemy and validating the 1799 law.
Those settlers were subsequently spread out onto Verhulsten Island (Burlington Island) in the Delaware, at Fort Orange (now Albany) in the Hudson River and at the mouth of the Connecticut River in order to finalize the claim to New Netherland as a North American province according to the Law of Nations (Hugo Grotius).
The 2nd-century Roman jurist Ulpian, however, divided law into three branches: natural law, which existed in nature and governed animals as well as humans; the law of nations, which was distinctively human; and civil law, which was the body of laws specific to a people.
Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, a cause of action must be universally recognized by the law of nations as a prohibited norm in order to be actionable