In 2002, the Peter Crowther-edited anthology Mars Probes included "A Martian Theodicy" by Paul Di Filippo, a "thoroughly disrespectful" sequel.
In God, Power and Evil: A Process Theodicy, published in 1976, David Ray Griffin criticised Augustine's reliance on free will and argued that it is incompatible with divine omniscience and omnipotence.
As an academician, Ormsby has published widely on the topic of Islamic thought which includes Theodicy in Islamic Thought (Princeton University Press, 1984), Handlist of Arabic Manuscripts (New Series) in the Princeton University Library (1987), Moses Maimonides and His Time (Washington, D.C., 1987), and Ghazali in Ghazali: The Revival of Islam (Oxford: Oneworld, 2008).